Astronomy Life Style

Penciptaan Alam Semesta

2010-04-06T11:05:00.005+07:00

Pernahkah kita membayangkan dan memikirkan, bagaimana, dari mana, dan oleh siapa alam semesta tempat bumi berada (planet hunian seluruh umat manusia), diciptakan? Sebagai manusia yang selalu haus akan ilmu pengetahuan, mari kita mengkaji bukti-bukti kebenaran Al-Quran yang di dalamnya berisi tentang penjelasan penciptaan alam semesta.

Sebagaimana digambarkan dalam Al Qur'an Surat Al-An’aam ayat 101 berikut:

"Dialah pencipta langit dan bumi, bagaimana Dia mempunyai anak padahal Dia tidak mempunyai isteri. Dia menciptakan segala sesuatu, dan Dia mengetahui segala sesuatu." (QS. 6 Al-An’aam:101)

Keterangan “Dialah pencipta langit dan bumi” yang diberikan Al Qur'an ini sangatlah tepat dengan penemuan para ilmuan masa kini. Konklusi yang didapat para astrofisikawan saat ini adalah bahwa keseluruhan alam semesta, beserta dimensi materi dan waktu, muncul menjadi ada sebagai hasil dari suatu ledakan raksasa yang terjadi dalam sekejap.

Peristiwa ini dikenal dengan "Big Bang" (Ledakan Besar). Yakni Ledakan singkat yang membentuk keseluruhan alam semesta sekitar 15 milyar tahun lalu. Jagat raya tercipta dari suatu ketiadaan sebagai hasil dari ledakan satu titik tunggal. Kalangan ilmuwan modern masa kini menyetujui bahwa Big Bang merupakan satu-satunya penjelasan yang masuk akal yang dapat diterima dan yang dapat dibuktikan sebagai asal mula terciptanya alam semesta dan bagaimana alam semesta muncul menjadi ada dari ketiadaan.

Sebelum Big Bang terjadi, tak ada apapun yang disebut sebagai materi. Semua bermula dari kondisi ketiadaan, dimana materi, energi, bahkan waktu belumlah ada, semua itu hanya mampu diartikan secara metafisik. Setelah Bing Bang terjadi, barulah tercipta materi, energi, dan waktu. Fakta yang baru saja ditemukan para fisikawan modern ini, sebenarnya telah diberitakan kepada seluruh umat manusia dalam Al Qur'an 14 abad silam, ketika pengetahuan astronomi yang dimiliki manusia masih belum mampu mencapainya.

Fakta bahwa alam semesta ini diciptakan dari ketiadaan menjadi ada dapat dibuktikan dengan penemuan sisa-sisa radiasi Big Bang Explosion yang ditemukan oleh satelit angkasa luar COBE yang diluncurkan NASA di tahun 1992.

Meskipun sudah jelas kebenarannya, namun sejumlah ilmuan ada yang mencoba mengemukaan sejumlah teori tandingan untuk menentang teori Big Bang, padahal bukti-bukti ilmiah justru telah menjadikan teori Big Bang diterima baik secara penuh oleh masyarakat ilmiah.

Satu ayat lagi tentang penciptaan alam semesta dalam Al Qur’an:

"Dan apakah orang-orang yang ingkar (kafir) itu tidak mengetahui bahwa sesungguhnya langit dan bumi itu keduanya dahulu adalah suatu yang padu, kemudian Kami pisahkan antara keduanya. Dan dari air Kami jadikan segala sesuatu yang hidup. Maka mengapakah mereka tiada juga beriman?" (QS. Al-Anbiyaa’:30)

Pada ayat tersebut terdapat kata "ratq" yang di sini diterjemahkan sebagai "suatu yang padu" digunakan untuk merujuk pada dua zat berbeda yang membentuk suatu kesatuan (langit dan bumi). Ungkapan "Kami pisahkan antara keduanya" adalah terjemahan kata Arab "fataqa", dan bermakna bahwa sesuatu muncul menjadi ada melalui peristiwa pemisahan atau pemecahan struktur dari "ratq". Perkecambahan biji dan munculnya tunas dari dalam tanah adalah salah satu peristiwa yang diungkapkan dengan menggunakan kata ini.

Marilah kita kaji ayat ini kembali berdasarkan pengetahuan ini. Dalam ayat tersebut, langit dan bumi adalah subyek dari kata sifat "fatq". Keduanya lalu terpisah ("fataqa") satu sama lain. Menariknya, ketika mengingat kembali tahap-tahap awal peristiwa Big Bang, kita pahami bahwa satu titik tunggal berisi seluruh materi di alam semesta. Dengan kata lain, segala sesuatu, termasuk "langit dan bumi" yang saat itu belumlah diciptakan, juga terkandung dalam titik tunggal yang masih berada pada keadaan "ratq" ini. Titik tunggal ini meledak sangat dahsyat, sehingga menyebabkan materi-materi yang dikandungnya untuk "fataqa" (terpisah), dan dalam rangkaian peristiwa tersebut, bangunan dan tatanan keseluruhan alam semesta terbentuk.

Ketika kita bandingkan penjelasan ayat tersebut dengan berbagai penemuan ilmiah, akan kita pahami bahwa keduanya benar-benar bersesuaian satu sama lain. Yang sungguh menarik lagi, penemuan-penemuan ini belumlah didapat sebelum abad ke-20.

Simulasi OSN 2010 Astronomi SMAN 17 Makassar

2010-04-02T17:10:00.006+07:00

TIM PEMBINA OLIMPIADE ASTRONOMI SMAN 17 MAKASSAR
SEVENTEEN CLUB OF AMATEUR ASTRONOMY
SOAL TES
SIMULASI OLIMPIADE SAINS NASIONAL 2010
TIM OLIMPIADE ASTRONOMI
SMAN 17 MAKASSAR

INSTRUKSI:
Kerjakanlah soal-soal di bawah ini dengan benar.
Berdoa terlebih dahulu sebelum memulai.
Diperbolehkan menggunakan kalkulator.
Waktu: 90 menit

Jika matahari digantikan oleh sebuah lubang hitam dengan massa yang sama denganmatahari, apa yang akan terjadi dengan tata surya kita?
Jelaskan mengapa komet komposisi paling dominannya adalah es, sedangkan asteroiddominan dengan batuan!
Rika seorang astronom asal Indonesia menemukan sebuah planet ekstrasolar. Ia memperoleh data bahwa 4/7 dari massa planet terdiri dari batuan dan sisanya adalah es. Perkirakanlah kerapatan rata-rata planet itu! (ρbatuan= 3500 kg/m3 dan ρes= 900 kg/m3)
Diketahui jari-jari Venus adalah 6052 km dan jaraknya dari bumi 4,2 × 10^7 km. Hitunglah: a. Diameter sudut Venus pada saat berada di titik terdekatnya dengan Bumi ; b. Dapatkah kita melihat Venus pada saat tersebut?
Misal terdapat sebuah awan molekul raksasa dengan diameter 15 parsec dan kerapatannya 10^18 kg/m3. Dengan asumsi awan itu berbentuk bola, berapa banyak bintang tipe matahari
yang dapat terbentuk, bila setengah dari awan itu digunakan untuk membentuk bintang-bintang tersebut?
Seorang ahli astrofisika menemukan sebuah bintang deret utama dengan massa 15 kali massa matahari. Hitunglah: a. Umur bintang; b. Luminositas bintang

Klik disini untuk mendownload soal ini.

ASTRO QUIZ 1.10 FREE DOWNLOAD

2010-02-21T17:44:00.011+07:00

Click here to download this Quiz

About ALS

2008-02-09T13:08:00.002+07:00

ALS or Astronomy Life Style is astronomy weblog uses english that contained many astronomy articles, matters of astronomy et cetera. ALS also served free download of astronomy exercises. It is hoped all that the author gave could be useful for you all.

The Tips Go to Astronomy Competition

2008-01-21T20:30:00.000+07:00

Study from my friends who had followed astronomy olympiad, i want to give you a few tips to be success in the olympiad.

1.Before The Competition Day

Check and recheck your healt in the nearest hospital or a doctor.
Prepair your brain with eat the nutritious foods one month before competition,
Not afraid to ask to your teachers or friends about the unknown lessons,
Begin to be your self and optimist that you can be a winner.

2.In Competition or Olympiad

Pray before test is begin,
Answer with the bright reason, and then the jury can understand your work,
Use other formula (your creativities) for finish your work to get plus scores from the jury,
Center for the problems of test, no think the other except the problems.

Goodluck

The Solar System

2008-01-21T20:23:00.000+07:00

Sun
Sun is a star that too much is not different from other stars in the universe. Its form like the same ball like other stars with the radius around 1,392,000 kilometres and has the very high temperature. It have mass about 1,900,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg. Its distance is 149,597,980 km from the Earth or 1 AU (Astronomical Unit). Sun is in the class spectrum the star G that is the star is yellow that have the effective temperature about 6000 K. In its centre happens the process of the very horrifying nuclear explosion. That is the burning of four Hydrogen atoms become one core of the Helium atom. So as the temperature in its centre reached 15.000.000 K. In the exterior of the appearance Sun like disc is golden that is acknowledged as the Photosphere.

Is based on the data that is received it is estimated the Sun is 5 billion years old and will change to the giant's red star 5 billion following years.

Planet
Was based on the decision that was agreed to International Astronomical Union (IAU) last August 2006 was appointed that the planet is the celestial object that orbit around the Sun, have the mass that is enough so as the style of its gravitation can maintain its form as the almost round solid, as well as have the clean orbit in a sense do not cut or the overlap with the orbit of the other planet. In our Solar System that including the group of the planets are based on this definition are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet with the sun with the semi-major axis 0,387 AU or 57,909,175 km from the Sun. In its circulation surrounded the sun, Mercury needs time for 87,97 days with the period of the rotation 58,65 days. This planet has mass 3.3 x 10²³kg and diameter 4879.4 km. Imagined, because of its distance that very close with the sun, the temperature in the surface of this planet really extreme. During the day the temperature in the surface of this planet achieved 400 degree celcius (is hot enough to melt solid zinc) and -150 degree celcius tonight. The surface of Mercury is not as smooth as the planet earth. The surface of this planet is filled with the craters that are estimated because the collision of the meteor or asteroids resulting from the nonexistence of the atmosphere that covered this planet. Its surface materials consist of basaltic and anorthositic rocks and regolith.

Venus
Venus is the second planet closest with the sun after the planet mercury. Its semi-major axis is 0,723 AU or 108.208.930 km. Its diameter 12104 km with mass 4.87 x 10²⁴ kg.This planet has the period of rotation 243,02 days (that a direction with the hour needle that is from the east to the west) that is significantly older than time that is needed to complete one round of its orbit over the sun (224,7 days).The content of the atmosphere in this planet most are carbondioxide (97%) and the rest of them nitrogen (its atmosphere is very thick). So as very impossible to believe in the existence of the life in this planet. Moreover, because of the amount of carbondioxide that is contained in its atmosphere cause the occurrence of the incident greenhouse effect. Although in covered with CO2, the experts astrobiology estimate the existence termobactery certain that still can be holding the life there.

Earth
The Earth is the only planet in the Solar System that inside is gotten by the life. Its mass around 5,980,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg with the diameter of the ball 12756 km. The density of the the Earth is the same as the density of Venus around 5,52 g/cm³. Time that is needed Earth to complete one round of its orbit over the Sun for 365,25 days. With the period of rotation about 23,93 hours. The compiler's component of the Earth atmosphere consist of 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen and 1% Argon. Although having many similarities with Venus, but the temperature of the Earth surface not is as hot in the Venus surface. The temperature in the Earth surface in general 287 K. The Earth have a satellite that have a name the Moon.

Mars
The planet that often is acknowledged as red planet have the radius twice the radius of the Moon, that is as big as 3393 km and its mass 642,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg. With the density 3,8 g/cm³, smaller than the Earth’s density. The average distance of Mars from the Sun to 227,936,640 km with eccentricity of the orbit 0,093. Its rotation period and its orbital period are 1,026 days and 687 days (1,9 years) respectively. In broad outline, the surface part of the Mars, is divided into two, namely the southern part that is the area of the plateau that is full of the crater and indentations as well as the northern part that most consist of the plain that is full of the volcano that go out. The biggest crater that was found in this planet had diameter about 1800 km with the depth 6 km and was given a name Hellas. If in Earth is gotten the Everest mountain that is the highest mountain in Earth, evidently in the Mars planet also is gotten Volcano Mount that is highest in the Solar System that is given by the name “Olympus Mons” that have the height 24 km on the surface of the planet. The composition of the atmosphere of the Mars of the compiler's gas consisted of 95,3% CO2, 2,7% Nitrogen, 1.6%Argon, and other gas like Oxygen, carbon monoxide and steam. Mars have two satellites that are named Phobos and Deimos that are their respective have the period of the rotation and the period of the same revolution, so as the two satellites will always show the side that is same in its rotation surrounded the Mars.

Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest planet in the Solar System. Its radius around 71500 km or around 11 Earth radius times with the mass around 1,900,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg. And its density 1,33 g/cm3, smaller than the Earth density. This is caused because of the compiler's material of this planet is dominated by light elements, those are Hydrogen and Helium. The average distance of this planet is 778,412,020 km (the eccentricity of the orbit 0,048) from the Sun and needs time 11,86 years to complete one round of its orbit over the Sun. The period of the rotation of this planet is very fast, only 9,8 hours. This matter is caused because of the compiler's composition Jupiter that most consisted of light elements and caused his form to become rather flat. With the radius comparison in the pole and in the equator was 1/15. In the surface of this planet is gotten a spot that apparently have the shape of oval and coloured reddish, that is named the Great Red Spot. This spot in fact is the area of the very big collection of the storm cloud. Its size as big as 420,000,000 km2.The compiler's composition of the Jupiter atmosphere consisted of 90% H2, 9% Helium, 0,07% CH4, 0,02% NH3, and other gas that the amount very few. This planet is also famous in a fourth manner his satellite that is given by the name of the Galileo satellite (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto), because that found the four of them was Galileo. Apart from the four satellites, Jupiter is still having 12 satellites more, that is Amalthea, Sinope, Pasiphae, Carme, Thebe, Leda, Himalia, Adrasthea, Elara, Lysithea, Metis, and Ananke.

Saturn
Saturn is the second biggest planet in the Solar System after Jupiter. Its diameter around 120660 km, its mass 569,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg and its density 0,705 g/cm³. Look at its density that is very small, make Saturn can be floating on the surface of water. The compiler's composition of this planet same like Jupiter that is dominated by light elements like Helium and Hydrogen. As a result the rotation of this planet become very fast (10,2 hours, fastest in the Solar System) and make this planet flat in its two poles. The compiler's composition of the Saturn atmosphere consist of 97% Hydrogen, 3% Helium, and Methane. The planet that be at a distance 1,426,725,400 km (with eccentricity of the orbit 0,056) from the Sun have the sidereal period 29,46 years. For quite a long time because of its distance that very far with the Sun. In Saturn also is gotten the great spot like available in Jupiter, that is the Great White Spot. This Great White Spot in fact is the storm cloud that its form is similar like the cloud cirrus available in the Earth atmosphere. In this spot is estimated the process of the crystallisation of ammonia happen. That is most interesting from this planet is rings that travel around it. That is located around 60330 km. These rings consist of thousands of rings that are made from particles that the size its bigger than particles that compiled Jupiter rings. These particles are measuring ice chunks 5 mm up to 5 m. It is wide that the ring reach 234000 km and its thickness only some hundred kilometres then. Like Jupiter, Saturn also has many satellites that accompany it. The satellite that is owned Saturn numbering 18 satellites, they are Pan, Rhea, Iapetus, Dione, Thetys, Mimas, Enceladus, Hyperion, Phoebe, Janus, Epimetheus, Atlas, Prometheus, Pandora, Telesto, Titan, Calypso, and Helena.

Uranus
The planet that have diameter 51118 km is in the distance 2,870,972,200 km (with eccentricity of orbit 0,77) so as to needs time 84 years to complete one round of its orbit. The period of its rotation only 17,9 hours (retrograde). This planet have the mass 86,800,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg and its density is 1,29 g/cm³. The compiler's components of the atmosphere of this planet including 83% Hydrogen, 15% Helium, and 2% Methane. Uranus also have the ring as in the case of Jupiter and Saturn. However, particles of the compiler of this rings are very thin and dark that consisted of stone chunks or material carbon. Uranus had 17 satellites that accompanied it they are Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, Oberon, Cordelia, Ophelia, Bianca, Cressida, Desdemona, Juliet, Portia, Rosalind, Belinda, Puck, S/1997 U1, and S/1997 U2.

Neptune
Neptune have the mass around 102,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg or around 17 times more massive of the Earth. Its diameter is 49528 km with the density 1,64 g/cm³. Because of its distance that very far with the Sun that is around 4,498,252,900 km (eccentricity 0,009), this planet needs time around 164,8 years to complete one round of its orbit. The compiler's component of his atmosphere consisted of 74% Hydrogen, 25% Helium, and 1% Methane. Around this planet also is gotten the very thin ring. Neptune have 8 satellites those are Triton, Nereid, Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Galatea, Larissa, and Proteus.

Dwarf Planet
Was based on the decision that was agreed to to International Astronomical Union (IAU) last August 2006 was appointed that dwarf planet is the celestial object that orbits around the Sun, have the mass that is enough so as the style of its gravitation can maintain its form as the almost round solid, and have the unclean orbit in a sense can cut or the overlap with the orbit of the other planet and not a satellite. Below these are objects the Solar System of the member's sky that including the group of dwarf planet (and their size) in part:

Pluto (2306 km)
Xena (2400 km)
2003 EL61 (2000*1000*1200 km)
2005 FY9 (1500 +/- 300 km)
Sedna (1500 km)
Orcus (1000 +/- 200 km)
Quaoar (~1000 km)
Varuna (600 +/- 150 km)
2002 TX300 (<700km)
Ixion (500 +/- 100 km)
2002 AW197 (700 +/- 100 km)

Asteroid
Asteroid is chunks of the space stone that it is suspected is the remnants of the fragment of the planet. The place of residence of asteroids in the Solar System is named the Asteroid Belt that is located between the orbit of the Mars and Jupiter. Asteroid that the first time was found was Ceres, that was found by an Italian astronomer named Giuseppe Piazzi during 1801. Initially, people thought that that was the planet that uptil now was sought by many astronomers according to Titius-Bode Method, that in the distance 2,8 AU ought to have a planet. However, finally they knew that that not a planet. Afterwards was followed again by the discovery asteroid that was given by the Pallas name and Vesta. Till at this time has been found around 18000 asteroid. One asteroid that is measuring big can threat the life of humankind in front of Earth if being successful penetrate (is not finished is burnt) the atmosphere and pound the Earth surface. Resulting from that is caused to be the formation of the crater that the width reach several kilometres because of its mass that is big. If this matter really happen, then as a result was like that had been experienced Earth 65 million years ago that caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.

Comet

A comet is a small body in the Solar Systemthat orbits the Sun and, when close enough to the Sun, exhibits a visible coma (or atmosphere) and/or a tail — both primarily from the effects of solar radiation upon the comet's nucleus. The nucleus itself measures a few kilometres or tens of kilometres across, and is composed mostly of rock, dust and ice. Comets originate in the outer solar system; they are thrown inwards towards the Sun by gravitational perturbations from planets or nearby stars. They have a variety of different orbital periods, ranging from a few years, to 50 or 100 years, to thousands of years, while some are believed to pass through the inner Solar System only once before being thrown out into interstellar space. Short-period comets are thought to originate in the Kuiper Belt, which lies beyond the orbit of Neptune. Long-period comets are believed to originate at a very much greater distance from the Sun, in a cloud (the Oort Cloud) consisting of debris left over from the condensation of the solar nebula. Asteroids originate via a different process, but very old comets which have lost all their volatile materials may come to resemble asteroids.

Kuiper Belt
Frederick C. Leonard (1930) and Kenneth E. Edgeworth (1943) was the astronomers who the first time found the existence of the belt kuiper. During 1951, Gerard Kuiper proposed that this belt was the source from the comet that be aged short, that is the comet that had the period of the orbit less than 200 years. The belt and objects inside was named in accordance with the Kuiper name after the discovery (15760) 1992 QB1. The Kuiper belt is a territory in the Solar System that is located in and around the Neptune orbit (around 30 AU) up to 50 AU from the Sun. Objects are in this Kuiper belt acknowledged as the object trans-Neptune. The object trans-Neptune is the object in the Solar System by all or most orbits its passed the Neptune orbit. The Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud are the name for the subdivision from this space. Pluto and its satellite, Charon are the object trans-Neptune.

Oort Cloud
The Oort cloud is an immense spherical cloud surrounding the planetary system and extending approximately 3 light years, about 30 trillion kilometers from the Sun. This vast distance is considered the edge of the Sun's orb of physical, gravitational, or dynamical influence. Within the cloud, comets are typically tens of millions of kilometers apart. They are weakly bound to the sun, and passing stars and other forces can readily change their orbits, sending them into the inner solar system or out to interstellar space. This is especially true of comets on the outer edges of the Oort cloud. The structure of the cloud is believed to consist of a relatively dense core that lies near the ecliptic plane and gradually replenishes the outer boundaries, creating a steady state. One sixth of an estimated six trillion icy objects or comets are in the outer region with the remainder in the relatively dense core. In addition to stellar perturbations where another star's Oort cloud passes through or close to the Sun's Oort cloud, are the influences of giant molecular clouds and tidal forces. A giant molecular-cloud is by far more massive than the Sun. It is an accumulation of cold hydrogen that is the birthplace of stars and Solar System. These are infrequently encountered, about every 300-500 million years, but when they are encountered, they can violently redistribute comets within the Oort cloud. Tidal forces affecting the Oort cloud come from stars in the Milky Way's galactic disk with some pull from the galactic core. The tide results from the sun and comets being different distances from these massive amounts of matter. The force on the comets from these tides is greater than the perturbations of passing stars, and comets beyond 200,000 AU are easily lost to interstellar space. This pull contributes to the steady state which replenishes the outer comets that are randomly distributed away from the ecliptic plane. The total mass of comets in the Oort cloud is estimated to be 40 times that of Earth. This matter is believed to have originated at different distances and therefore temperatures from the sun, which explains the compositional diversity observed in comets. Typical noontime temperatures are four degrees Celsius above absolute zero. As temperatures move toward absolute zero, the kinetic energy of the molecules approach a finite value. Absolute zero should not be considered a state of zero energy without motion. There still remains some molecular energy, although it is at a minimum, at absolute zero. The Oort cloud is the source of long-period comets and possibly higher-inclination intermediate comets that were pulled into shorter period orbits by the planets, such as Halley and Swift-Tuttle. Comets can also shift their orbits due to jets of gas and dust that rocket from their icy surface as they approach the sun. Although they get off course, comets do have initial orbits with widely different ranges, from 200 years to once every million years or more. Comets entering the planetary region for the first time, come from an average distance of 44,000 astronomical units. Long period comets can appear at any time and come from any direction. Bright comets can usually be seen every 5-10 years. Two recent Oort cloud comets were Hyakutake and Hale-Bopp. Hyakutake was average in size, but came to 0.10 AU (15,000,000 km) from Earth, which made it appear especially spectacular. Hale-Bopp, on the other hand, was an unusually large and dynamic comet, ten times that of Halley at comparable distances from the sun, making it appear quite bright, even though it did not approach closer than 1.32 AU (197,000,000 km) to the Earth. Recognition of the Oort cloud gave explanation to the age old questions: "What are comets, and where do they come from?" In 1950, Jan H. Oort inferred the existence of the Oort cloud from the physical evidence of long-period comets entering the planetary system. This Dutch astronomer, who determined the rotation of the Milky Way galaxy in the 1920's, interpreted comet orbital distribution with only 19 well-measured orbits to study and successfully recognized where these comets came from. Additional gathered data has since confirmed his studies, establishing and expanding our knowledge of the Oort cloud.

AstroNewQuestions (# 3rd Edition/6th January 2008)

2008-01-06T18:35:00.000+07:00

Hi...!!! Welcome In ANQ
Yup, for 3rd edition, i'll give two questions for all friends about Astrophysics problems
Enjoy It...!!!

AstroNewQuestions

3^rd Edition

January 6^th , 2008

A star cluster is observed to 25 light years from the Earth. Its diameter is 14 light years. Calculate diameter of a star in this cluster, if observed about 0.0725 arc seconds! Drawing the sketch!

A star appeared about 2737 Amstrongs with parallax 25 arc seconds. If flux energy of star is 1.26 watt/m². Estimate its radius!

The answer of these question will be given next edition

****GoodLuck To You****

The Answers of AstroNewQuestions 2nd Edition, 16th December 2007

2008-01-06T18:21:00.000+07:00

Answers of

AstroNewQuestions

2^nd Edition

December 16^th , 2007

Earth receives around 1380 watt/m² of energy from the Sun. How much energy does Saturn receive from the Sun? Given Saturn-the Sun distance is 9.5 AU.

Answer:

L_B=L_S

E₂ / E₁= ( d₁ / d₂) ²

E₂ / E₁= ( 1 / 9.5) ²

E₂ = 0.011 ( 1380 )

E₂ = 15.29 watt/m²

What is the maximum possible elongation of Venus? Given that its distance from the Sun is 0.723 AU.

Answer:

The maximum elongation of Venus occur if the corner is formed by The Earth point and the Sun point to Venus is 90 degree. Where VS perpendicular to VE.

d_SE = 1 AU, and

d_SV= 0.723 AU, so

sin SV/d_SE= 0.723

0 = 46⁰18’

Indonesia Reached The First Gold Medal In IOAA 2007, Thailand

2007-12-15T16:12:00.000+07:00

For the first time the Team of Astronomy Olympiad and Astrophysics of Indonesia gained gold in IOAA that was held in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The Olympiad that joined by 21 countries, took place since November 30 till December 9 2007, at the same time being held in order to liven up the birthday to 80 that King Bhumibol Adulyadej. The gold medal was for Indonesia contributed by Lorenz VG da Silva (the SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL of Semesta Semarang). The adolescent from Flores was bloody Java this, succeeded in gaining gold with the point 77.6 and was in the level to 14 from 67 participants. Two silver medals were gained by Muhammad Iqbal Bhakti Utama (the SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL of Plus Riau) and Rizky Rahmayanti (SMAN 1 Ponorogo).

Whereas the bronze medal fell to the Sulistyowati hands (SMAN 1 Kebumen).
Was not left behind, Janu Kusuma (SMAN 1 Solo) with the appreciation Honorable mention that acceptance. The receipt of the medal from all over participants delivered Indonesia was in the level to six from 21 countries. The public's champion was won by Thailand, was followed by India in the second place, and Poland was in the level to three. "Since the beginning the management, we indeed already estimated could the gold medal. In matters of the theory, thought the Indonesian students moderate good and indeed very opportune to get gold",Said Dr.Chatief Kunjaya.

The team of IOAA Indonesia was accompanied by the team leader Dr. Chatief Kunjaya and Dr. Taufiq Hidayat as well as observer Dr. Suhardja D. Wiramihardja. Chatief Kunjaya explained, IOAA compared four session sorts of the match that consist of the session of the short theory (short theoritical), the analysis (long theoritical), observation (observation) and the practice of data processing (practical). Match material consisted of two big groups, that is the practice and the theory. The practice was divided into two the session, that is the session of observation and the session of data processing. Whereas for the theory was divided into two match sorts that is short question (15 matters) and long question (3 matters). The uniqueness, the observation method in Thailand used the telescope without the lens. This telescope was only used as the indicator about the sky object that was asked about.

The Answers of AstroNewQuestions 1st Edition, 25th November 2007

2007-12-15T13:40:00.000+07:00

Hi....!!! Welcome In ANQ

Hi...!!! What's up friends? Can you answer these questions? Ok, I'll give the answers...

Answers of

AstroNewQuestions

1st Edition

25th November 2007

A planet's elongation is measured as 125 degree. Is it an Inferior or Superior planet?
^{The answer of this questions is Superior planet.}
A star have temperature 3000 K and 100 times more luminosity than the Sun. How big is it?
^{The Answer :}
If temperature of the Sun is 6000 K and then Temperature of the Star is ½ T_{ef Sun}. using formula :
L=4 (pi) R² (Sigma) T⁴hence obtained (Rstar/Rsun)²= (Lstar/Lsun)(Tsun/Tstar)^{4 .}
^{From this formula will obtained value about Rstar=40 Rsun . if the radius of the Sun is 700000 km, and then Rstar= 28000000 km.}
The Synodic period of Jupiter is 398.9 days. What is its sidereal period?

^{The Answer : Using formula :}

^{(1/S)=(1/T1)-(1/T2) for the synodic equation.}
^{where T1}

^{From this formula we will obtain T2=4329.81 days or T2=11.8 years.}
A satelite moves above horizon where Mike is playing his aeroplane at 20.00 WIB (23 November 2007). Given the orbital period of satelite is 16 hours 30 minutes. Mike will look the satelit again. What time can looked be above Mike's horizon and then he can look it again?
^{The Answer : Using formula like number 3.}

^{Find the synodic period of satelite first.}

^{where T2=24 hours (rotation of Earth) and T1=16.5 hours.}

^{From this formula we will obtain S=52.8 hours or S= 52 hours 48 minutes.}

^{Calculate when the satelite will be seen again,}

^{20.00 WIB,23 November 2007 + 52 hours 48 minutes = 00.48 WIB, 25 November 2007.}

^{So, the satelite will be seen again at 00.48 WIB, 25 November 2007.}

****GoodLuck to You****

AstroNewQuestions (# 2nd Edition/16th December 2007)

2007-12-15T13:33:00.000+07:00

Hi...!!! Welcome In ANQ
Yup, for 2nd edition, i'll give two questions for all friends about Astrophysics problems
Enjoy It...!!!

AstroNewQuestions

2nd Edition

15th December 2007

The Earth receives around 1380 w/m²of energy from the Sun. How much does Saturn receive from the Sun? Given Saturn-the Sun distance is 9.5 AU.
What is the maximum possible elongation of Venus, given that its distance from the Sun is 0.723 AU ?

The answer of these question will be given next edition

****GoodLuck To You****

Sky Map

2007-11-25T16:29:00.000+07:00

Tonight that was glorious, when we turned our head onto sky will appear thousands of stars that were widespread in sky.First humankind knew astronomy by means of understanding the meaning of the sowing of stars.Humankind began him by grouping the stars in a pattern that often we mentioned as the constellation or the constellation of the star.The constellation of the star often very much was connected with myths or Greek nation superstition.At this time was agreed to had 88 constellations of the star that consisted of thousands of his member's stars.

A map of sky turned was one of the most important observation means for whoever wanted to know practically the location of stars in sky.Follows the progress of increasingly sophisticated technology, now sprang up software-software astronomy that could give much information about the existence of an object of the sky object.

Observation Tips !

2007-11-25T16:18:00.000+07:00

In one day when we wanted to carry out an observation, often very much we got many problems. Because of that, today I give several tips that could you applied before carrying out the observation
activity

Prepared fully when you will carry out observation in the area that quite far and get the map of sky (the manual or software).Good him you brought the computer laptop by being equipped software you could carry out the simulation be based on the date and time that will be carried out by you.

When you used software, the GPS implement will be very useful to meng-input the position and the height inside software so as real-time cataracts chart will be increasingly accurate.This GPS implement was normal also was equipped the electronics compass that will be very useful.

Bring the torch and don't that was too clear (rather overcast). because of our eyes needed at least 30 minutes till one hour to adapt illegally.When when being like this you lighted the very clear torch, for the length of 30 following minutes your observation will not be optimal

Determined eyepiece that will be carried by you. Ideally at least one eyepiece could be used to wide-field viewing (the small enlargement) and two or three for the bigger enlargement. When you planned to observe DSO, rarely very was used the enlargement above 100x except your telescope with diameter above 10 inch.

The tripod better that as strongly as possible, but considered heavy also.When you used teleskop small (60-80mm the refractor), the photograph of the tripod has sufficed.It would be better if brought light and unified equipment and was often used compared with heavy and sophisticated but made us lazy at using him.

In several areas of the plateau like Canning, Sukabumi, and Puncak the temperature tonight until before at daybreak could achieve 15-17 Celcius levels. Planned well outift that will be used by you.

Don't forget to bring hairdryer.Right, why?. Hairdryer must be carried because tonight air was very cold and could make telescope rather dewy.

Went on a trip together would be happy. apart from bringing the safe feeling more in the area that was isolated.Astronomy will be more fascinating when more people could enjoy him.

Binocular will be very useful to follow sky before used telescope.Several objects will also appear more interesting with binocular because exit the bigger pupil so as the light was stronger.

Try to get to use the bag that was waterproof to bring small equipment like eyepiece, adapter, diagonal, et cetera.

Bring food and the adequate drink.

Bring your personal medicine.

When you have been enough familiar with the process of observation, began to observe the sky object systematically.From by hunting totalling possibly the Messier object, planets that circulated during the night, and afterwards big objects that including in New General Catalog (NGC).Apart from that still many others that could you reached. the trip was still long.

Sighting Location Tips !

2007-11-25T15:21:00.000+07:00

In one day when we wanted to carry out an observation, often very much we got many problems.
That one of them, because of the place of observation that was used by us not good. because of that, today I give several tips that could you applied before carrying out the observation
activity

The place that far from the of the inhabitants.The condition for the place of first observation was the place that far from the bustle and pollution of the light.Increasingly far from the centre of the bustle, automatic pollution of the light also increasingly will decrease.
Look for the High Place.When the place of observation that was chosen by you that in the plateau like mountains, that will be better,
because increasingly high the place of observation, increasingly good also tampilan sky that could be seen by you.
Give priority to the Security.Don't forget the security and your safety.Certainly friends wanted your safety was awakened not?.Look for the place of observation that in case far from everything that could endanger you and your friends, including the criminal act.try provided the security service (security) to be on the alert.
Look for the Place that is gotten by facilities Generally.Like the public telephone, the place of religious duties, and transport means.


Congratulations tried

Astro New Questions (# 1st Edition/25th November 2007)

2007-11-25T09:19:00.000+07:00

AstroNewQuestions

1st Edition
25th November 2007

A planet's elongation is measured as 125 degree. Is it an Inferior or Superior planet?
A star have temperature 3000 K and 100 times more luminosity than the Sun. How big is it?
The Synodic period of Jupiter is 398.9 days. What is its sidereal period?
A satelite moves above horizon where Mike is playing his aeroplane at 20.00 WIB (23 November 2007). Given the orbital period of satelite is 16 hours 30 minutes. Mike will look the satelit again. What time can looked be above Mike's horizon and then he can look it again?

*****

The answer of these question will be given next month.

Soal Olimpiade Astronomi SkyParty 2007 (Essay)

2007-11-25T09:15:00.000+07:00

SCASTRON

SEVENTEEN CLUB OF AMATEUR ASTRONOMY

SMA NEGERI 17 MAKASSAR

SkyParty

17-18 November 2007

Ujian Persiapan Olimpiade Astronomi

Tes Teori Essai

Waktu : 90 menit

Dua buah bintang di sebuah sistem galaksi di amati memiliki magnitudo mutlak yang sama. Kedua bintang memiliki magnitude sebesar 11,56 dan 12,11. Bila paralaks bintang yang lebih terang 0,”04, hitunglah jarak bintang yang lebih redup !
Sebuah bintang bertemperatur 4297 ⁰C berada di luar sistem galaksi bimasakti.
Di daerah panjang gelombang berapakah bintang itu dapat terlihat dengan jelas ?
Jenifer hendak memotret sebuah bintang jauh yang besar sudutnya 57” dengan menggunakan teleskop reflector yang focus objektifnya 1400 cm. Tentukan berapa besar bintang tersebut setelah dipotret ?
Bintang “Scastron” dalam konstelasi “Jubelica” terdeteksi memiliki jarak 167 parsek. Jika diketahui magnitudo mutlak bolometricnya 0,58 dan koreksi bolometriknya 0,37. Apakah bintang ini dapat terlihat dengan mata telanjang ?
Berapakah energi yang dipancarkan sebuah bintang yang berjarak 4,2 tahun cahaya dari Bumi dengan Luminositas 4,21 x 10²⁶ watt ?

*****

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Soal Olimpiade Astronomi SkyParty 2007 (Observasi)

2007-11-25T09:07:00.000+07:00

SCASTRON

SEVENTEEN CLUB OF AMATEUR ASTRONOMY

SMA NEGERI 17 MAKASSAR

SkyParty

17-18 November 2007Ujian Persiapan Olimpiade Astronomi

Tes Pengolahan Data

Waktu : 10 menit

Tunjukkanlah rasi bintang Orion dan gambarkan pada kotak di bawah ini :

Lihatlah planet Mars dengan menggunakan teleskop. Apakah warna yang kamu lihat ?
Tunjukkanlah Summer Triangle dan sebutkan anggota-anggotanya !
Coba Kamu arahkan teleskop pada Azimut = 135⁰ dan Altitude = 45⁰.

*****

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Soal Olimpiade Astronomi SkyParty 2007 (Pengolahan Data)

2007-11-25T09:01:00.001+07:00

SCASTRON

SEVENTEEN CLUB OF AMATEUR ASTRONOMY

SMA NEGERI 17 MAKASSAR

SkyParty

17-18 November 2007Ujian Persiapan Olimpiade Astronomi

Tes Pengolahan Data

Waktu : 30 menit

Dalam sebuah pengamatan diperoleh data sembilan bintang sebagai berikut ini :

M_bol	V	BC	Jarak d
0,23	0,323	0,131
0,43	0,633	0,45
2,34	11,42	0,31
0,13	-2,324	0,543
5,52	4,645	0,57
5,422	2,422	0,97
0,32	-6,055	0,64
7,22	5,633	0,355
0,44	2,443	0,772

Dimana M_bol adalah magnitudo mutlak bolometric, V adalah magnitude semu bintang dan BC adalah Koreksi bolometric. Berdasarkan data yang telah ada, lengkapilah besarnya jarak kesembilan bintang !

Dalam sebuah pengamatan lima buah bintang diperoleh data sebagai berikut:

m₁	m₂	d₁	d₂
12,23	6,131		23
11,87	2,411	32
23,77	-1,342		44
9,08	0,311		5
12,87	2,414	32

Diketahui bahwa magnitudo mutlak bintang sama. Berdasarkan data di atas lengkapilah kolom-kolom yang kosong. Kemudian buatlah grafik hubungan magnitudo bintang masing-masing bintang pada kolom 1 dan 2 (m₁ dan m₂) dengan jarak masing-masing d₁dan d₂.

*****

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Soal Olimpiade Astronomi SkyParty 2007 (Multiple Choise)

2007-11-25T09:01:00.000+07:00

SCASTRON

SEVENTEEN CLUB OF AMATEUR ASTRONOMY

SMA NEGERI 17 MAKASSAR

SkyParty

17-18 November 2007Ujian Persiapan Olimpiade Astronomi

Tes Teori Multiple Choice

Waktu : 15 menit

Sebuah bintang yang terletak 5 ,2 parsek dari Matahari, memiliki parallaks sebesar …

10,”4	24”
20,8”	534”
0,”192	0,”1313
0,”291	0,”66321

Planet terjauh yang memiliki satelit bernama Hydra adalah …

Pluto	X
Mars	Sedna
Nibiru	Xena
Denebula	Salah Semua

Satu parsek sama dengan …

3,92 tahun cahaya	3,26 tahun cahaya
206,265 SA	384000 km
149600000 km	Salah semua
8,3 menit cahaya	Jawaban a dan b benar

Manakah bintang di bawah ini yang memiliki suhu terpanas adalah yang mempunyai panjang gelombang …

Bintang 4468 A	Bintang 4343 A
Bintang 6000 A	Bintang 4850 A
Bintang 7000 A	Bintang 4700 A
Bintang 12467 A	Bintang 2500 A

Manakah bintang yang jaraknya lebih jauh di bawah ini …

Bintang 0,24 detik busur	Bintang 24 detik busur
Bintang 0,73 detik busur	Bintang 0,004 detik busur
Bintang 0,97 detik busur	Bintang 0,67 detik busur
Bintang 0,043 detik busur	Bintang 0,535 detik busur

*****

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